To what extent does internet piracy affect the film industry?

To what extent does internet piracy affect the film industry?

Internet piracy has a negative impact economically on the film industry and due to technological advances, there will be a lack of originality in cinema. Although there are positive effects of piracy in that audiences become more literate and eager to direct independent films that have been inspired by films they have watched online. However, the positive effects of this are outweighed by the negative effects because these future film makers inspired by pirated films will only direct formulaic 3D blockbusters because of the film industry not willing to take risks in order to make a profit on films.

Internet piracy started around the start of the 21st century, with technological advancements in the internet and download speeds allowing people to download films onto their computers. This made films easily accessible to watch at home with sites like Megaupload, negating the need to go to the cinema and pay money to see it. To combat this, the film industry created a resurgence in 3D cinema, aiming to attract audiences to the cinema and also with the added benefit of 3D films being difficult to pirate because they need to be seen with 3D glasses. 3D resurgence also gave cinemas an excuse to raise ticket prices so they could profit more off the technological advancement. However, these 3D films are formulaic blockbuster films which need lots of action scenes and spectacle to benefit from the 3D technology and make it worthwhile for the audience. Therefore all films will be the same, with lots of action scenes and no creativity or inventiveness. This would affect the film industry to the extent that it is devaluing cinema and it would be instead be about making money back on films.

Another effect internet piracy has on the film industry is that people can watch films at home, creating a social and cultural shared idea that audiences deserve to watch and are entitled to free pirated films online. This is a bad thing for the film industry who lose money on their films and cinema attendence but a good thing for audiences who can watch a wider variety of foreign and independent films. This can raise the amount of 'cinema literacy' in people, inspiring people to 'swede' films on Youtube or be inspired to be involved in the film industry and direct future films. However, the problem with this is that because of internet piracy and formulaic 3D films, their will be a lack of creativity to inspire people in the future directors films. Therefore this is not a sustainable model for making films, it would end up with all films being 3D blockbusters. This would affect the film industry because internet piracy and it's effects on future directors would result in a less creative future for films.

Finally, Internet piracy would affect the economy in the film industry. Cinema attendence has already been decreasing because of the social appeal of watching films at home. Therefore cinemas would have to raise ticket prices to make more money making the cinema experience for people even less desirable. In order to combat this, the film industry would need to make more formulaic films and not take any risks in films in order to make as much money as possible. Essentially, the film industry would have to be turned into a business where films are not made for artistic merit but instead made for profit, to make as much money as possible. The film industry could also use online websites like Netflix and Hulu to combat internet piracy by offering legitimate paid online streaming services as a alternative. The negative effect from this is that it would make the cinema experience obsolete if used on a major scale. This would affect the film industry to the extent where it would change how people make and watch films based on money and fighting internet piracy as its main concerns.

In conclusion, internet piracy is a problem for the film industry that affects how films are devalued, the creativity of films and how films are produced to maximise profit and challenge internet piracy. In order to fight internet piracy, the film industry should look at using independent films like Gravity, which are critically successful and are popular films watched online, and make them popular in the cinema, appealing to audiences instead of making formulaic 3D franchises and blockbusters. The only way cinemas can fight internet piracy is by taking risks and not being afraid to change the model of how people view and pay for films.

Thesis Statements

7- The  factors that led to the decline of town and city centre cinemas in the late 1970's were the rise of the blockbuster, which turned into social events for people to go to, the increased popularity in merchandise and marketing of films and the rise of multiplexes replacing the single screen city centre cinema. These factors made the multiplexes situated in shopping centres more popular than town and city centre cinemas.

8- The concerns that motivated fears about audiences and technologies were the BBFC introduced age ratings on video home releases to restrict objectionable content, they censored and banned certain horror films, deemed video nasties, they feared that objectional content would inspire copycat behaviours in audiences raising the crime rate for the 1980's conservative government and that the sale of illegal video nasties and pirated films helped VHS win the 'Format wars' against Betamax. 

9- I strongly agree with the statement. The reasoning for my agreement with the statement is that the digital cinema network is that it opens up audiences to a wider range of films available in multiplexes, with independent, foreign and classic films being shown along with blockbusters which would greatly improve the public's film literacy, the use of digital distribution is economically better for film studios who instead of spending money on expensive film reel can now record it all on tape, allowing more money to be spent on the production of the film. Finally, film attendance has risen since the introduction of the Digital Cinema Network, with more people watching a more appealing variety of films, which puts money back into the film industry.

10- Internet piracy poses a significant economic loss to the current structure of the film industry but in the future, the structure of films and the industry will adapt and change to stabilize itself. My reasoning for this is that the film industry is already trying to stop internet piracy from the widespread usage of 3D cinema making piracy ineffective. This means that the film industry gains some of its money back by 3D cinematic blockbusters so it is good for the cinema economically. However socially, the films themselves change with the over use of action scenes in 3D films making the audience prefer independent films with A-list actors. This means that the film industry can only change by re-inventing itself to change the structure of the blockbuster with less emphasis on marketing , merchandise and action and more emphasis on narrative, plot and effects.

quiz answers

21st Century Developments	Aaron Groombridge_____________________
	Fill in the circle beside the correct answer
1.	What genres Films does 3D suit?
	Action Blockbusters- 3D suits action blockbusters because they are fast paced films with lots of fast cuts, shot changes and transitions. They are also popular with most people and the 3d is an attraction visually for the audience. For example, if a film has lots of explosions, 3d heightens the viewers viewing experience.
	Horror- Horror films are based on scaring or shocking the viewer. 3d helps heighten the shocking or frightening effect on screen by having faces or objects come out of the screen to the audience. This is similar to action blockbusters because they heighten the effect of the horrors viewing experience.
2.	Did the UK digital cinema network succeed in exposing audiences to more varied types of films?
	Yes- There is a diverse range of films in cinemas. Blockbusters like Spiderman, Captain America and Rio are on show at Bluewater cinema. There are also independent films like Gods not dead and the grand budapest hotel. A example of a re-release or a classic is Disneys Tarzan. An example of a foreign film is Zhumba, which is produced by a south african animation company.
3.	Why has the film industry lost money from cinema attendance since 2000?
	illegal piracy- People use the technological advances avaliability to stream films off the internet. They watch criminals recordings of the films which are low quality but give the viewer an viewing experience. This means that people can watch new movies at home which takes money out of the film economy.
4.	Is 3D successful in getting audiences back in the cinema?
	Yes- It has been marketed as a new viewing experience by the film industry and is being used on a scale much wider than in the last 10 years. 3d is a gimmick which people watch to heighten their experience. 3d films also make it more difficult to pirate since the quality would be poor for non 3d viewers.
5.	Does 3D have a negative impact on film production?
	Yes- 3d is more expensive to produce, they have to be filmed with a special camera and use more expensive film and editing techniques.
6.	Which directors support 3D in their productions?
	James Cameron- In support of 3d films. Released Avatar in 3D, and planning his film from nearly 20 years ago, Titanic, in 3D. He feels that 3d heightens the viewing experience.
7.	What reasons were given by the FBI shutting down Megaupload?
	Breaching intellectual property copyright- Uploading new films for free to be easily accessible for people to watch.
	Film industry get no money- New film lose money because people are watching them for free. They are not making their money back on films and attendence figures drop.
8.	How has film distribution online/digital cinema helped Indie films get exhibited?
	Online through Netflix- Netflix is a paid streaming service which means people watch it online but pay for it monthly. This ensures that the independent film makers get money for their film to be online but also allow Netflix to get money as well. Netflix is also easy to access viewing.

''Film censorship is motivated by fears about audiences and technology'' Discuss this statement in reference to the concerns expressed about uncensored and unregulated video content

''Film censorship is motivated by fears about audiences and technology'' Discuss this statement in reference to the concerns expressed about uncensored and unregulated video content

The 4 contextual points that show these fears are economic, social, political and technological. Economically, the BBFC started to issue age classifications to objectionable content on home video releases, which meant that they could control the content people watched whilst also making money off people buying these home releases. Socially, film censorship was evident in the video nasties which were refused a classification by the BBFC so they could not be viewed in cinemas or legal home video. These video nasties attracted attention because more people wanted to see why they were banned and they turned into a social event for people. Politically, the conservative government feared that people watching objectionable content in horror films and video nasties would inspire copycat behaviour from society to re-enact these films, which would raise the crime rate of the country. Technologically, the format wars between VHS and Betamax were ongoing. VHS won the format wars between the two video tape players because VHS was easier for people to pirate films and video nasties onto thus showing why film censorship had a role to play in the format wars.

In the early 1980's people were less interested in going to the cinema and instead it was more popular for people to stay at home and watch films on VHS or Betamax. This turned into a social event, with people inviting their friends over to watch films at their homes. The emergence of film censorship and regulated video content meant that some films were deemed too horrific, obscene or violent to be shown to the public by the BBFC, under the conservative government. Films that were refused a rating, which meant they could not be publicly released were placed on the 'video nasties' list with films like 'Driller Killer' and 'Cannibal Holocaust'. However criminals simply copied bootleg copies of the films from other countries and distributed them illegally to people wanting to watch them. This boosted the social aspect of staying at home and watching a film with friends because these films has gained notoriety and interest from being banned which is the exact opposite effect that the government wanted these films to have. This social context justifies that film censorship is highly motivated by fears about audiences and technologies because the new technological advancement of video tape players and recorders changed the way how people watch films entirely and film censorship is how they tried to stop this change.

These video nasties and other banned films were the end product of the countries moral panic caused by the conservative government led by Margaret Thatcher. The conservative government believed that content in films reflected on society and that very violent and obscene horror films could inspire similar or copycat behaviours in young people. To fight this, the National viewers and listeners association formed to protest against objectionable films, they protested and applied pressure on the BBFC to ban or censor films. The BBFC eventually did listen and they formed the video nasties list, where certain films were banned outright. This is a political context which justifies how film censorship is heavily motivated by fears about audiences, the conservative government felt that by allowing public access to these films content, it would incite violence into people and desensitise people. They also feared that the crime rate would go up in the country so they could have used the video nasties as a scapegoat for the increase in crime or violence.

Expanding on the moral panic surrounding these films, the government and the video tape industry suffered from the moral panic economically ,the National Viewers and Listeners Association protested against violent films and wanted the government, specifically the BBFC to regulate video content on home video. Eventually the BBFC regulated the content via age restrictions that they were already using in cinemas but now they were also using these certificates in home video releases. This restricted children or young teenagers from buying horror film tapes. This limited the sales of their tapes and  people chose to buy pirate copies from criminals who didn't care how old you were. This combined with the accessibility of piracy on VHS meant that the video tape industry lost money. This links back to a economical context, because their fear is justified here because they lost money due to film censorship in that it reduced their buyers market.

Finally, the BBFC acted as a censor and regulator for the film and decided to ban films that formed the video nasties list. It also regulated what age group could watch a film via its classification system. Specifically, it was illegal to distribute or sell a video nasty in a shop. They could only be pirated in order to see them. Social demand was for people to watch these video nasties to see why they were banned. It was considered fashionable or popular to watch them and own them. This links to a technological and economic context with the format wars between VHS and Betamax which VHS won. VHS was easier for criminals to copy films, which meant people needed to watch pirate films and video nasties on VHS's. VHS was more popular. This links to film censorship and fears surrounding it because essentially, film censorship was made to fight piracy.

In conclusion, I think that film censorship was highly motivated by fears about audiences and technology. The conservative government and National Viewers and Listeners Association were worried about a moral panic in England whilst cinemas and film distributors found it hard to sell their regulated content tapes whilst piracy grew in popularity. Ultimately, the attempt to stop people being exposed to obscene content failed because by making a list of films that no one should watch, they inevitably attracted attention for people who wanted to see them. Ironically, the video nasties were probably more popular than they would have ever been if they were not on the video nasties list. Also, directors of video nasties like Wes Craven and Sam Raimi went to direct mainstream horror films so being on the video nasties list helped their career. For cinemas and film distributors, there is little they can do to stop piracy, with film classification being necessary in terms of content. There is always going to be piracy. However, censoring and banning content is ineffective in the long term as the video nasties have shown.

Evaluation questions

Q1. What were the aims (purpose) of the script & 9 key frames

Q2. What codes and conventions (genre, character & narrative threads, how films use mise-en-scene, camera & sound to create meaning), identified in the textual analysis essay were used in thescript & 9 key frames?

Q3. How was the location report used in the construction of the 9 key frames?

 Q4. How successful was the script & 9 key frames in achieving the aims (its purpose)?

What factors led to the decline of town or city centre cinemas in the late 1970's and early 1980's?

The factors that led to the decline of town and city centre cinemas in the late 1970's and early 1980's can be linked to 3 significant contexts. Socially, films turned into blockbusters which made them a social event for people to go to, making multiplexes situated in shopping centres superior to town and city centre cinemas. Economically, merchandise and marketing made films in a multiplex more commercially viable because they are located in shopping centres which directly affected the popularity of town or city cinemas and in terms of technological advancements, movie goers preferred spectacle over substance which means audiences went to cinemas with the best projectors and sound systems. These 3 factors affected the production, distribution and exhibition of films which led to the decline of town and city centre cinemas.

The production of films affected town and city centre cinemas. The creation of blockbusters like Jaws turned films and cinema outings into a social event. These blockbusters created the stereotype, style over substance, which is a over-reliance on special effects rather than a plot or character development. Examples of films like this are Star Wars and E.T. These blockbusters attracted audiences who wanted to see the special effects under the best new technology available, which was in multiplexes located in big shopping centres. Town and city cinemas did not  have the same appeal for blockbuster audiences. The film industry created a formula for blockbusters, in which the more money you put into your film and the special effects in the film, it is guaranteed to be profitable at the box office. The Hollywood film industry which created these film wanted the best possible viewing technology in their multiplexes to display their special effects. Town and city centres didn't have this cinematic experience and suffered financially because of it due to a lack of interest and cinema attendance. The emphasis on special effects and viewing experience was made even more significant due to technological advancements within homes, like VCR and VHS and the ability to pirate films, like E.T. Cinemas needed the viewing experience that you couldn't get at home in order for people to come and watch their films. Turning these films into a social event was how they did this.

The distribution of films affected town and city centre cinemas. Cinema attendance around the late 1970's was poor, people were not watching films at the cinema but instead watching films at home. The film industry decided to promote their films by selling merchandise of the blockbuster film  and marketing the film using posters, and television adverts. By selling merchandise, they encouraged people to watch films in multiplexes built in shopping centres, where merchandise can be bought easily. This helped reinforce the blockbuster as a event film. This affected town and city centre cinemas because they could not provide easy access for people to buy merchandise than what the multiplexes in the shopping centres provided. Meanwhile, in the 1970's and 80's, Britain was facing a recession, people did not have money and this was to do with the poor economy and the three day week. People were only working three days a week which affected all parts of British life. Going to the cinema was pointless for people who had no money who instead stayed at home and watched films on the television, which made the cinema attendance decrease. Another economic issue with the films is that because of the three day week, not enough energy was being produced to keep up with Britain consumption demands which meant small town cinemas could not show as many films as they could before. This created a decline for them financially. Technological advancements like VHS and VCR meant that people didn't need to leave home to watch films, and it became a social event and the fashion to watch films in your own home. This created an alternative to going to the cinema that people didn't have before. It would not be before the rise of the multiplex that people started going to see films again. Small town and city centre cinemas lacked the social event status that VHS and VCR provided.

The exhibition of films affected town and city centre cinemas. Cinema attendance rose after the release of the special effects heavy, blockbuster, Star Wars. Star wars followed the blockbuster formula and released lots of merchandise, marketed itself heavily and created lots of hype and attention over the film. This hype and attention attracted teenage audiences, who regardless of the economic situation, bought into the franchise and its merchandise. The audience that saw Star Wars consisted mainly of children and teenagers, who were entertained by the special effects in the film. The small city and town cinemas were ignored by the Star Wars demographic who opted for multiplexes in order to have a day out and a social event. Star Wars was a financial success, due to the amount of money invested into by the children and teenagers who bought into the merchandise and the franchise. The Hollywood film industry decided to create more multiplexes in England to exploit the demographic and make more money from blockbusters. Eventually more and more multiplexes were being created which resulted in less and less popularity for the town and city centres. Technological advances also caused the small cinemas to decline. The special effects in Star Wars and the films after it caused large audiences to come and watch the films. Multiplexes could accommodate the large amount of film-goers whilst small town and city centre cinemas could not, putting them at a disadvantage. Also, the cinematic experience itself was richer in the Multiplexes, with better projection and sound system, putting the small town and city centre cinemas at a even greater disadvantage.

Essay Plan- What factors led to the decline of town or city centre cinemas in the late 1970's and early 1980's.

What factors led to the decline of town or city centre cinemas in the late 1970's and early 1980's?

Introduction- The factors that led to the decline of town and city cinemas can be attributed to three significent contexts
social- films evolved into blockbusters and turned into social events for people to go to, making the multiplexes situated in shopping centres superior to town and city centres cinema.

economically,merchandise and marketing made films in a multiplex more commercially viable because they are located in shopping centres.

technological- movie-goers preferred spectacle over substance which means that audience relied on better cinemas, rather than flea pit cinemas for an overall better experience.

These 3 factors affected the production, distribution and exhibition of films which led to the decline of town and city centre cinema.

Production-
Point 1- Social-  Films like star wars created the movie stereotype of 'style over substance'. This was a over reliance on special effects and technological advances disregarding plot, which appealed to a teenage audience who wanted to see these films in the best possible conditions, in expensive new multiplexes surrounded by shopping centres. These films turned into days out for people. There was not the same appeal for town or city centre cinema who lacked these appeals.

point 2- economically- The film industry, particularly ILM (industrial light and magic) created these expensive films and technology in order to attract this age group. The more they spent on their films, and the special effects, they knew they would get their money back. This created the blockbuster formula. Also, they spent money on multiplexes to have the best possible viewing experience. Flea-pit cinemas did not have this viewing experience that multiplexes did and they suffered financially because of it due to a lack of cinema attendance.

point 3- technological - Due to advances in technology, the hollywood film industry produced films like Star Wars which used lots of special effects. This inspired films like E.T  and created an social appeal for audiences to come and see the new special effects. This social appeal was important because other technological advances like VHS had emerged, leading to films being pirated. In fact, E.T was one of the first highly pirated films. This technological advances in terms of viewing experience led to multiplexes being superior than flea pit cinemas which couldn't offer the same viewing experience.

Distribution
Point 1- social - cinema attendance was plummeting. the film industry needed something to raise cinema attendence. They attempted to do this by marketing and building franchises to make their money back on films that cost a lot in production. This attempt at marketing meant that films were now being released in multiplexes in shopping centres to make it easier for people to buy the merchandise. This had an effect on flea pit cinema which didn't have accessibility for people to buy the merchandise. This led to its decline.

Point 2- economic- The UK was in recession, people could not go to the cinema since they did not have money, three day week. People had tv in homes and VCR. The cinema experience was pointless because they could sit at home and watch films at home. The three day week affected flea pit cinemas because there was not enough energy to power the projectors which meant that not only were cinema attendence dropping, the amount of films shown were decreased.

Point 3- technological- The emergence of VCR's and VHS as new technology meant the cinema lacked an appeal that the flea pit cinemas had. People had an alternative to going to the cinema which they didnt have before. Viewing films at home also was the fashion of the time and it turned into a social event. This affected the flea-pit cinemas who lost its status as a social event due to the rise of the VCR and later on , the multiplex.

Exhibition

Point 1- Social- Cinema attendence improved when the blockbuster Star wars was released. Star wars was heavily hyped and marketed, with lots of merchandise released around this time. It also contained lots of visual effects in the film. This attracted an cinema audience of mainly children and teenagers who had money to spend, regardless of the economic crisis at the time. This demographic was highly influenced by the hype and attraction of multiplexes and the easiness of accessibility to buy merchandise. This affected flea pit cinemas in that they were ignored by the children and teenagers in order to go to multiplexes and to spend their money on not only the film, but on merchandise.

Point 2- Economic- Because of the children and teenagers going to see Star wars, the film was a economic success and generated a lot of money for the hollywood film industry in not only the box office and merchandise sales as well. This prompted the hollywood film industry to introduce more and more multiplexes in England, in order to make more money by showing Blockbusters. This affected town or city centre cinemas because the creation of more and more multiplexes meant they became less and less popular and lost money because of this.

Point 3- technological-the emergence of technological advances in films like special effects in Star wars drew in larger audiences. These large audiences would have attended multiplexes since they were designed to hold a larger capacity of people rather than flea pit cinemas which were small by comparison. Also the cinematic experience was better in multiplexes with better projectors and sound system which the flea pit cinemas lacked putting it at a disadvantage.





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DISTRIBUTION

Production, Distribution, Exhibition

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Production
. Film Lab- £500k
.VFX studio £1 million
. Producer/Writer £500k
. Artists and Designers £250k
. Legal £1 million
. Test screenings £500k
Total 3.75 million pounds

Distribution
. Marketing £250k
.Web distributor £1 million
. Merchandise £2 million
. Distributor £1 million
Total- 4.25 million pounds

Exhibition
.Youtube/Vimeo £250k
.Cable/Satellite TV £1 million
. DVD retailer  £500k
. Film subscription service £2 million
. Multiplex cinema £3 million
Total- 6.75 million pounds

Overall, the model of production, distribution, exhibition shows that more money has been put into exhibition and distribution of films.This is consistent with the films in the present day, in that less money is spent on quality producers and writers and instead on selling the film and showing it to as many people as possible. It follows the blockbuster format, especially in Production where VFX and legal are the most costliest things in production. This links to the idea that viewers like spectacle over substance and film companies want to attach actors to contracts so they can make franchises and sell more movies. Essentially, movies are like products if this model is to be used.

Notes

Teenagers has disposable income, pocket money- cinemas targeted them.
teenagers started in the 1950's.
Blockbusters boosted cinema attendance. They also helped save money.
Multiplex cinemas emerged due to the american film industry investing in them within Britain.
Visual effects (ILM) were used as an thing to attract people towards audiences.

Cinema: Social, Economoic and technological contexts.

Summer Blockbuster pitch

Global appeal: Crime, cars, and criminals all resonate with a global audience. It is all relevant in society.  Grand theft auto also satirises western culture.

£250 million budget- Newsworthy. Not many video game films would have this amount of money to spend. However, lots of money would be spent on production to show wealth and excess. CGI effects and expensive cars would appeal to style over substance type of film-making.

CHN- The audience feel bad for Nicholas Cage's character. He is a criminal, with vast amounts of wealth but he isn't happy, (stuck in a loveless marriage, forced to commit crime since he can't get out of it now.') Film's overall story arc would be Cage commiting one last act of destruction to get out of criminality all together.

Blockbusters

What was so significant about Jaws?

Jaws is a high concept film which means that it is similar to themes, narratives, characters, stereotypes, and structures that can be found in other films. For example, the film producers do not want to take risks financially whilst making their films, they don't want to alienate their audience at a risk of losing money over the films content which is why the use of the Classic Hollywood Narrative is so widespread.

Jaws is significant because it is the first film that can be considered a High-Concept film, and is the base of how the film industry creates blockbusters. Many films, even recent films today follow the same type of structure and themes (Fear, Death) in Jaws because it is guaranteed to interest people and create profit.

Outline the characteristics of a blockbuster?
A Blockbuster is a film that is a high concept film. It will have lots of advertising, merchandise and awareness surrounding the film. The film will be hyped up by the media until it reaches a point where it becomes an event film. It will have high profile actors, maybe a high profile director. If it is a sequel or a prequel, it will have iconic moments. A blockbuster film would also be distributed by a popular distributor so that the film is widespread as possible. It won't be an independent film and it wont take any risks financially with the film's content.

What caused the summer blockbuster?

What caused the summer blockbuster?

The film 'Jaws' was the first high concept film. A high concept film is a film that has been hyped up via trailers, adverts, posters, merchandise, promotions, and audience word of mouth. People saw the film Jaws as an event, spawning the term of 'Event film'.

The high concept film structure influenced the film industry's and how they produced films. They decided to start producing films for people with an emphasis on promotion and merchandise and making the film a financial success. The summer blockbuster was built out of this. Films made solely to make money and putting narrative and storyline behind in terms of importance, instead focusing on special effects and animation. Summer blockbusters today still have the model of high concept movies because they are a tried and tested method of producing financially productive films, which is even more important considering the economic state of today.

My opinion on summer blockbusters

In my opinion, summer blockbusters are a negative aspect of the film industry. The industry produces more and more films with less attention to story, character development and more attention to special effects and 3D. The industry makes money of the casual film-goer who just wants to be entertained and enjoy a film. However, for film fans, the lack of story and the abundance of blockbusters means it might make it difficult for other films with emphasis on story and characters to be recognised or financially successful when there are so many similar summer blockbusters. This doesn't necessarily reflect negatively on the film industry but maybe more on the audience attending these films?

Film Studies Essay

Mis-En-Scene for Four Lions sequel script

Location:  Field, needs to look like a traditional british countryside field
               

               
Shed, darkly lit- needs to look intimidating-

Costumes
               George- White stereotypical muslim robe, sandals, turban (wrapped up towel)

               Dad- west ham t-shirt (old), jeans trainers,

               Land Owner- jacket, cap, muddy trousers, glasses,

               Anders- camo jacket, badges, trousers, military boots,

Props- bag, tripod, camera bag, tape measure, shovel (toy one), wires attached to a bottle (bomb prop), pliers, screwdriver, compost , scrap metal, pistol or a knife.

Lighting- realistic lighting for exterior shots, dim lighting for the shed

First Script of Four Lions sequel resolution